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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514258

ABSTRACT

Comprender desde la determinación social de la salud el papel de los procesos generales, particulares y singulares sobre la realización del derecho a salud bucal de mujeres en periodo de post-parto en Santiago de Chile. Diseño cualitativo exploratorio con mujeres primíparas o multíparas en primer trimestre postparto, beneficiarias FONASA usuarias de Chile Crece Contigo. Se aplicó encuesta de clasificación social, exámenes clínicos, entrevistas semiestructuradas o grupos de discusión. Para el nivel general se analizó profusa información referencial. Existen procesos generales que favorecen la realización del derecho a salud bucal como las políticas de protección integral a la infancia, la priorización de la atención en salud en gestantes; la existencia de derechos adquiridos para la embarazada: permiso pre y post natal y fuero maternal. Desfavorece el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal y consecuentes condiciones de pobreza, la inequidad de género y el énfasis cultural en la responsabilidad femenina sobre el cuidado. Los procesos críticos actúan en los tres niveles del modelo teórico. Si bien en el nivel particular se identifica un avance en las políticas públicas, este no redunda en una efectiva realización del derecho a nivel singular pues enfrenta elementos estructurales del nivel general, sobre todo en el ámbito laboral y cultural.


Objective: To understand from the framework of social determination of health the role of general, particular and singular processes in the realization of the right to oral health for women in the postpartum period and their newborn children during the first year of life, in Santiago de Chile. Materials and Methods: Exploratory qualitative design with FONASA beneficiary women and newborn children. A social classification survey, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were applied to primiparous or multiparous women of childbearing age in the first postpartum trimester, beneficiaries of the Intersectoral Program ÒChile Crece ContigoÓ. Discussion: For the general level, extensive reference information was analyzed. Results: Some general processes favor the realization of the right to oral health, such as comprehensive protection policies for children, the dynamics of the health care system, and the existence of acquired rights for pregnant women, such as pre and post-natal, and maternity leave. The processes that disfavor its realization are the neoliberal development model, the conditions of poverty, gender inequity (income, employment/unemployment) and cultural factors such as the emphasis on female responsibility for care. Conclusions: The critical processes for the realization of the right to oral health act at the three levels of the theoretical model. There is an advance in public policies at the individual level. However, this does not result in an effective realization of the right at a singular level since it confronts structural elements of the general level, especially in the work and cultural field.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385243

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Sintetizar los resultados de estudios epidemiológicos sobre Traumatismo Dentoalveolar (TDA) en la población chilena. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar estudios poblacionales a nivel nacional, regional, provincial y comunal, además de datos de servicios dentales de atención primaria y secundaria sobre TDA en Chile. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2 estudios con representatividad nacional y 8 realizados en centros de atención en salud. A nivel nacional, la prevalencia de TDA a los 6 años fue de un 2.57%, y a los 12 años, 4.97%. En los estudios realizados en centros de salud, el diagnóstico más prevalente en dentición primaria fueron las lesiones de tejidos de soporte y en dentición permanente, la fractura coronaria. Fue más frecuente la afectación de un solo diente, y los incisivos centrales superiores fueron los dientes más afectados. Conclusiones: Los estudios representativos de la población en Chile son escasos, realizados hace más de una década y representativos sólo de la población de 6 y 12 años, lo cual pone de manifiesto la necesidad de mayor información epidemiológica sobre el TDA en la población chilena.


ABSTRACT: Aim: To summarize the evidence on epidemiological studies about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in Chile. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in two databases to identify population studies at national, regional, provincial and community levels, as well as reports from primary and secondary dental care services, regarding TDI in Chile. Results: Two studies with national representation and eight studies from primary and secondary healthcare centers were included in the analysis. National prevalence for 6-year-old children was 2.57%, and 4.97% for 12-year-old children. While the most frequent diagnosis in primary dentition was traumatic injury involving tooth-supporting tissues, the most commonly reported diagnosis in permanent dentition was crown fracture. Single tooth affection was more frequent, and the upper central incisors were the most affected teeth. Conclusions: Data on representative studies about TDIs in Chile are scarce. Few studies, carried out more than a decade ago and only on 6- and 12-year-old children are available. There is a need for further epidemiological information about TDIs in Chile.

3.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 36: e013, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1355936

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a Preventive Oral Health Exam for Elderly People (EDePAM), using the e-Delphi technique, to diagnose oral health problems in people 65 or older. The e-Delphi technique was used with experts in multiple stages, and in a final workshop, where an agreement on an examination protocol was reached for diagnosing dental caries, oral mucosa lesions, periodontal diseases, and masticatory function disorders. Quantitative analyses of all the rounds of the e-Delphi method were conducted. It was agreed that the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) should be used together with a modified version of the Nyvad criteria to detect and assess caries lesions. It was also agreed that an assessment was needed of the different factors involved in determining caries risk, namely socioeconomic level, access to fluoride, level of dependence/functionality, salivary flow, history of head and neck cancer treatment, use of medications that decrease salivary flow, diet, use of removable dental prostheses, exposure of root surfaces, and caries history. Furthermore, patients would be required to undergo an examination of the oral mucosa, where any existing lesion should be described in terms of its clinical appearance, location, and risk potential. It was also agreed that an assessment of masticatory function should be performed using the Leake index, together with chewing-gum combined with a color scale to categorize masticatory performance. The number of pairs of occluding antagonist teeth was considered as the best predictor of masticatory function. The 2018 classification by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) / European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) was accepted as the standard to assess periodontal status, and it was agreed that this assessment should include an evaluation of clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The novel EDePAM was considered as appropriate for conducting a functional assessment of oral health by providing a comprehensive diagnosis of oral diseases.

4.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 14(1): 28-31, abr. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385181

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Las enfermedades no transmisibles constituyen la mayor carga de enfermedad en Chile y el mundo. La estrecha interrelación preventiva y terapéutica entre las enfermedades orales y las enfermedades sistémicas en el contexto de las enfermedades no transmisibles, pone de manifiesto la urgente necesidad de diseñar políticas públicas que permitan incorporar la salud oral en el control de estas enfermedades. A pesar de que en Chile se han implementado programas para el tratamiento de las principales enfermedades orales en grupos priorizados, a través de garantías explicitas en salud y de otros programas odontológicos, estas prestaciones no están dirigidas a personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes u otras enfermedades no transmisibles de alto impacto en la población. Aunque, la evidencia disponible y las recomendaciones de las organizaciones científicas internacionales, fundamentan la incorporación de la salud oral en los planes y programas de salud general, lamentablemente un enfoque médico-odontológico más integrado en el control y manejo de las enfermedades no transmisibles sigue siendo un desafío pendiente en Chile.


ABSTRACT: Non-communicable diseases constitute the greatest burden of disease in Chile and the world. The close preventive and therapeutic relationship between oral diseases and systemic diseases in the context of non-communicable diseases, highlights the urgent need to design health policies that allow the incorporation of oral health in the control of these diseases. Despite the implementation of programs in Chile for the treatment of the main oral diseases in prioritized groups, through explicit guarantees in health and other dental programs, these benefits are not aimed at people with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or other non-communicable diseases with high impact on the population. The available evidence and the recommendations of international scientific organizations support the incorporation of oral health in general health plans and programs. Unfortunately, a more integrated medical-dental approach in the control and management of non-communicable diseases remains a pending challenge in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Policy , Chile
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385734

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con FLMP no sindrómica de acuerdo a los factores que involucran a la madre. Estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y analítico a partir de los datos de los casos de FLMP no sindrómicos. Se clasifico el tipo de FLMP y las variables que involucran a la madre. Fueron evaluadas 236 fichas completas de pacientes. Un 56,60 % pertenecen al sexo masculino y 43,40 % al sexo femenino. El mayor porcentaje nació el año 2011 (15,57 %), la FLP es la más prevalente (44,92 %), el 26,67 % de las madres tenía entre 21-25 años al momento del parto, un 80,50 % y 87,50 % consumió alcohol y tabaco respectivamente durante primer trimestre del embarazo, y un 41,33 % se desempeñó en rubro agrícola. Pueden ser considerados como factores de riesgo durante el embarazo: estrés post catástrofe natural, enfermedades crónicas, consumo de fármaco, hábito tabáquico y alcohólico y exposición a pesticidas.


ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiologic profile of patients with non-syndromic cleft palate according to factors that involve the mother. Observational, retrospective and analytical study from data obtained of non-syndromic cleft lip palate cases. The type of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and the variables that involve the mother were classified. In this analysis 236 fulfilled clinical records from patients were evaluated; 56,60 % correspond to male and 43,40 % to female. Most births occurred in 2011 (15,57%), cleft palate is the most prevalent (44,92 %), at the moment of birth mothers were 21-25 years old (26,67 %), most of the mothers consumed alcohol or tobacco during the first trimester of pregnancy (80,50 % and 87,50 %, respectively), and 41,33% worked in agriculture related jobs. In conclusion post natural catastrophe stress, chronic diseases, consumption of drugs, smoking and alcohol habits and exposure to pesticides can be considered as a risk factor for having a child with CLP.

6.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 13(3): 140-147, dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385162

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Este artículo realiza una revisión y síntesis de las principales encuestas poblacionales de salud en Chile. Se describen sus principales características y hallazgos con el objetivo de orientar a los profesionales odontólogos en el conocimiento de material existente para el diagnóstico odontológico objetivo, así como el impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida, a nivel poblacional.


ABSTRACT: This article makes a brief review and synthesis of national health surveys in Chile. The article describes the main characteristics and findings in order to guide dental professionals with the knowledge of the existing material for an objective population oral health diagnosis, as well as the impact of oral health on quality of life of the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dentists , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 13(2): 88-94, ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134348

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Sintetizar los resultados sobre los estudios epidemiológicos de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, desdentamiento y lesiones de mucosa oral de base poblacional con representatividad nacional y regional en adultos chilenos (≥15 años). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa para identificar aquellos estudios de diagnóstico de salud bucal, a nivel nacional y/o regional, en población adulta de Chile (≥15 años), con el objetivo de establecer prevalencias para las patologías bucales de mayor relevancia nacional. Resultados: Se identificaron 6 estudios de representatividad nacional y 7 estudios de representatividad regional. Se reporta una disminución en la prevalencia de caries cavitadas y de dentición no funcional, correspondiendo a un 54.6% y 27.0%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de pérdida de inserción clínica ≥4mm., es cercana al 100%. La lesión de mucosa oral más prevalente fue la estomatitis subprotésica (22.3%). Se observaron inequidades socieconómicas y culturales en la distribución de las patologías orales en la población adulta chilena. Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal, caries, desdentamiento y lesiones de mucosa oral en adultos y adultos mayores chilenos.


ABSTRACT Aim: To synthesize results of epidemiologic national and regional studies about dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral mucosa lesions in Chilean adults (≥15 years- old). Methods: A narrative revision was made in order to identify epidemiologic national or regional studies in Chilean adults (≥15 years- old). The objective was to establish the prevalence of the most common oral diseases. Results: Six national and seven regional studies were identified. The prevalence of non-treated caries and non- functional dentition was reduced to 54.6% and 27.0%, respectively. The prevalence of periodontal attachment loss ≥4mm. was almost 100%. The most frequent oral mucosa lesion was denture stomatitis (22.3%). Socioeconomic and cultural disparities were observed in the distribution of oral diseases in Chilean adults. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral mucosa lesions was high in Chilean adults and elderly people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases , Oral Health , Dental Caries , Diagnosis , Chile
8.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 14(1): 35-41, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056498

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La fisura labio máxilo palatina (FLMP) es un problema de salud pública en Chile. Consiste en la falta de fusión del labio y/o los procesos palatinos, generando un desequilibrio músculo esqueletal que impide el desarrollo facial normal. Afectando algunas funciones vitales como respiración, succión y deglución pudiendo ocasionar problemas nutricionales. Evaluar el crecimiento estaturo ponderal y acceso a lactancia materna de niños con fisura labio máxilo palatina (FLMP) comparados con niños sin fisura durante el primer año de vida. Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico de cohorte retrospectivo a partir de los datos provenientes de entrevistas a las madres de niños con FLMP no sindrómica atendidos durante el año 2017 y niños sin FLMP perteneciente a la misma región. En niño/as sin FLMP predomina la lactancia materna exclusiva y en niños/as con FLMP lactancia mixta (47,7 %) y uso exclusivo de leche de fórmula (33.3 %). Los niños/ as con FLMP durante el primer año de vida pesan en promedio 0,45 Kg y miden 1,11 cm menos que los niños/as sin fisura. Los niños/as con FLMP reciben menos lactancia materna y tienen un menor crecimiento estaturo ponderal que los niños/sin FLMP durante el primer año de vida, siendo el peso el parámetro de crecimiento más afectado.


ABSTRACT: The maxillary cleft lip and palate fissure (CLPF) is a public health problem in Chile. It involves the lack of fusion of the lip and / or the palatal processes, generating a skeletal muscle imbalance that prevents normal facial development, further affecting vital functions such as breathing, sucking and swallowing. It may also cause nutritional problems. An observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study was carried out, to assess the growth in weight status of breastfeeding infants with maxillary CLPF, and compare it with children without fissure during the first year of life. The study was based on data obtained in 2017, from interviews with mothers of infants with non-syndromic CLPF, and those without CLPF from the same region in Chile. In children without CLPF, exclusive breastfeeding predominated, while children with CLPF received mixed breastfeeding (47.7 %) and exclusive use of formula milk (33.3 %). During the first year of life, infants with CLPF weighed an average of 0.45 kg and measured 1.11 cm less, than children without fissures. Children with CLPF received less breastfeeding and ranked lower in weight and growth than children / without CLPF during the same time period, with weight being the most affected growth parameter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Young Adult , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Weight by Height , Body Weight , Breast Feeding , Chile , Cephalometry , Growth
9.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 13(4): 398-401, dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056475

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El linfoma extranodal de células T/NK es una neoplasia maligna agresiva que se caracteriza por una destrucción de estructuras de la línea media de la cara como paladar y fosa nasal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, 48 años de edad, consumidor de cocaína, que consulta en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile en Septiembre del 2015 por síntomas de disfagia, rinorrea y que presenta al examen clínico un tumor ulcerado que compromete paladar duro y blando, de un mes de evolución. Se confirma diagnóstico de linfoma de células T/NK con una batería de pruebas inmunohistoquímicas. Esta patología, aunque infrecuente, siempre debe ser considerada dentro los diagnósticos diferenciales en tumores ulcerados en esta localización.


ABSTRACT: Extranodal T / NK cell lymphoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm characterized by destruction of midline structures of the face such as the palate and nasal fossa. We present the case of a male patient, 48 years old, cocaine user, who consults at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad de Chile in September of 2015 due to symptoms of dysphagia, rhinorrhea and presenting to the clinical examination an ulcerated tumor which compromises hard and soft palate, a month of evolution. Diagnosis of T / NK cell lymphoma is confirmed with a battery of immunohistochemical tests. This pathology, although infrequent, should always be considered within the differential diagnoses in ulcerated tumors of this location.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/pathology , Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology , Killer Cells, Natural/virology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Chile , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/virology
10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020671

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El Tumor Odontogénico Epitelial Calcificante (TOEC), también denominado Tumor de Pindborg, se define como una neoplasia benigna, caracterizada por la proliferación epitelial; presenta secreción de una proteína tipo amiloide con tendencia a la calcificación. Representa menos del 1% de los tumores odontogénicos. Reportamos un caso en paciente de 75 años con un TOEC en la región maxilar izquierda en relación a una pieza dentaria incluida. El caso no mostró sintomatología específica, sólo una expansión de corticales vestibular y palatina. El diagnóstico se confirmó histológicamente mediante biopsia incisional y extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión, mostrando una histomorfología clásica para este tipo de lesiones. Reportamos este caso para resaltar la edad de presentación inusual, especialmente su localización e ilustrar su abordaje terapéutico y seguimiento.


ABSTRACT: The Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT), also called Pindborg Tumor, is defined as a benign neoplasm, characterized by epithelial proliferation; secretion of an amyloid-like protein is present with a tendency to calcification. It represents less than 1% of odontogenic tumors. We report a case of a 75-year-old patient with a TOEC in the left maxillary region in relation to an included tooth. The case did not show specific symptomatology, only an expansion of vestibular and palatal corticals. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically by incisional biopsy and surgical removal of the lesion, showing a classic histomorphology for this type of lesions. We report this case to highlight the unusual age of presentation, especially its location and to illustrate its therapeutic approach and follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Odontogenic Tumors , Maxilla , Neoplasms
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003810

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar los tipos de dismorfosis dentofaciales (DDF) operados en el Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile (HCSBA) entre los años 1993 - 2015 y su distribución por sexo y edad al momento de la intervención quirúrgica. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, el criterio de inclusión fue diagnóstico de DDF (clases II o III esqueletal) no asociado a síndrome. La edad de los pacientes se describió con promedio y desviación estándar y el sexo con porcentajes. Análisis estadístico se realizó mediante test de Proporciones, T de Student, prueba Exacta de Fisher y modelo multivariado. Se consideró un valor p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: De 1.008 pacientes operados por el equipo de cirugía oral y máxilofacial entre 1993 - 2015, 570 (56,5%) fueron intervenidos por cirugía ortognática para corrección de DDF. 76 (13,3%) por DDF tipo II y 494 (86,7%) por DDF tipo III. El mayor porcentaje fueron 366 mujeres (64,2%), la edad promedio fue 26,9 (DS 10,8) años en clase II y 22,8 (DS 6,8) años en clase III. Todas estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. El rango de edad con mayor porcentaje de operaciones fue entre los 20 - 30 años (55,6%). Conclusión: La DDF más frecuentemente operada es la DDF III y el mayor porcentaje son mujeres entre los 20 - 30 años.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine main characteristics of dentofacial deformities (DDF) patients treated with orthognathic surgery at San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile (HCSBA) during the last 23 years. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study, the cases are registered in the electronic database of the oral and maxillofacial service of the HCSBA between 1993 - 2015. Inclusion criteria were patients with a diagnosis of DDF (skeletal class II or III) - not associated with syndromes- who went under orthognathic surgery since 1993 to 2015. Characteristics analysed included: type of DDF, sex and age. Results were described using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Proportion, Student's Ttest, Exact Fisher Test and a multivariate model were utilized for statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 1.008 patients were surgically treated. During this period 570 (56,5%) patients underwent orthognathic surgery to correct DDF, 76 (13.3%) for DDF type II and 494 (86.7%) for DDF type III. Most patients intervened were women 366 (64.2%). The mean age was of 23.3 years; 26.9 (SD 10.8) years in class II and 22.8 SD (6.8) years in class III. All differences were statistically significant. The age range with the highest percentage of operations was between 20 - 30 years (55.6%). Conclusion: The most frequently operated DDF is type III, the highest percentage being women and young adults between 20 - 30 years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Orthognathic Surgery , Dentofacial Deformities , Hospitals , Chile , Retrospective Studies
12.
Rev. clín. periodoncia implantol. rehabil. oral (Impr.) ; 11(3): 187-190, dic. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978205

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El presente artículo realiza una breve revisión y síntesis sobre las Garantías Explícitas en Salud Bucal vigentes en Chile y las Guías de Práctica Clínica asociadas a su ejercicio. Se muestra una breve cronología de la reforma de salud de la cual se originan, describiendo sus principales pilares de desarrollo. Esta actualización tiene como objetivo orientar a los profesionales odontólogos de los Servicios de Salud, Sociedades Científicas, Universidades y entidades públicas y privadas que desarrollan la práctica odontológica en Chile, en el conocimiento del material existente, validado y disponible a la fecha.


ABSTRACT This article makes a brief review and synthesis of the Explicit Guarantees in Oral Health in force in Chile and the Clinical Practice Guidelines associated with their practice. It shows a brief chronology of the health reform from which they originate, describing their main pillars of development. The purpose of this update is to guide the dental professionals of the Health Services, Scientific Societies, Universities and public and private services that develop the dental practice in Chile, with the knowledge of the existing material, validated and available to date.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oral Health , Practice Guideline , Health Care Reform , Dentistry , Dentists , Chile
13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 93(1): 80-85, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887135

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Orofacial granulomatosis is a nonspecific term that contains a wide variety of granulomatous entities, which share a clinical and histopathological presentation. It manifests as persistent or recurrent orofacial swelling, amongst other findings. Idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis, characterized by an absence of systemic granulomatous disease, is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main differential diagnosis is Crohn's disease. Its pathogenesis is unknown, however, it seems to be immune-mediated. Patch-test sensitivity to multiple allergens is well documented. Currently, therapeutic options consider restrictive diets, topical, intralesional, and systemic agents. First-line therapy is currently a matter of debate. We present a review of the value of diet therapy in this syndrome, along with two illustrative cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Granulomatosis, Orofacial/diet therapy , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Skin Tests , Granulomatosis, Orofacial/diagnosis , Granulomatosis, Orofacial/pathology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology
14.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-794509

ABSTRACT

Propósito Determinar las características de los cuidadores, su capacitación y rol en el cuidado de la higiene bucal del adulto mayor dependiente del Programa de cuidados domiciliarios de la comuna de Providencia. Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, seleccionándose una muestra de 75 cuidadores mediante un muestreo aleatorizado simple del listado de pacientes adultos mayores pertenecientes al Programa de cuidados domiciliarios de la comuna de Providencia, Santiago, Chile. Se evaluó mediante un cuestionario las características del cuidador, entrenamiento en higiene bucal, frecuencia y dificultades a la hora de realizar la higiene bucal y quién realiza la higiene bucal según el nivel de dependencia de la persona mayor (índice de Katz). Resultados La mayoría de los cuidadores no ha recibido entrenamiento en el cuidado bucal (73,4%). El 57,3% ha realizado alguna vez la higiene bucal de la persona mayor y la mayoría ha tendido dificultades (82,7%), principalmente que el adulto mayor no quiere que otra persona lo realice. Todos los dependientes leves realizan por sí mismos el cuidado de su higiene bucal, pero la mayoría de los dependientes severos requiere de ayuda (7,9%), o que definitivamente el cuidador la realice (76,3%). Conclusiones Resulta fundamental mejorar la instrucción sobre higiene bucal en los ciudadores de adultos mayores dependientes domiciliarios. A mayor nivel de dependencia, el rol del cuidador en la higiene bucal cobra mayor importancia.


Purpose To determine the characteristics of the caregivers, their training and role in oral health care practices of the dependent elderly in a Domiciliary Care Program, Commune of Providencia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomised sample of elderly individuals, who were part of the Domiciliary Care Program in the Commune of Providencia, Santiago, Chile. A questionnaire was used to determine the caregiver characteristics, their training in oral health care, frequency of oral hygiene, and difficulties in carrying it out, as well as who performs the hygiene according to the level of dependency of the elderly person (Katz Index). Results Most (73.4%) of the caregivers have not received any training for oral health care. More than half (57,3%) of the caregivers have carry out the oral hygiene of an elder and the majority (82.7%) had difficulties to complete it, mostly the elder doesn’t allow other people do the hygiene. All elders with mild dependency perform their own oral hygiene but the majority of elders with severe dependency need help (7.9%) or the caregiver must do it (76.3%). Conclusions It is fundamental to improve caregiver training on oral health care of domiciliary dependent elderly people. When dependency increases, the role of the caregiver in oral hygiene is most important.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Oral Hygiene , Frail Elderly , Caregivers , Home Care Services , Oral Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(5): 579-586, mayo 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603093

ABSTRACT

Background: The WHOQOL-BREF is a generic questionnaire to measure quality of life created by the Study Group on Quality of Life of the World Health Organization. Aim: To adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in a group of Chilean older subjects living in Metropolitan Santiago. Material and Methods: A linguistic-cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF was performed and tested in a pilot study. Subsequently, the modified scale was applied to a group of 1186 older women aged 72 ± 8 years and 334 men aged 72 ± 7 years. The psychometric properties such as internal consistency, item-total correlation of responses, and construct validity were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to check if the dimensions described in the original version, were evaluated. Analyses were performed with STA-TA statistical software 10.0 and LISREL 8.50. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the dimensionsphysical health, psychological, social relationships and environment, described by the authors in their original description, were maintained. The instrument had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.88 for the total scale and rangingfrom 0.70 to 0.79 in each of the dimensions. Conclusions: The evaluated version of the WHOQOL-BREF has an acceptable reliability and validity, and suggests that it is suitable for the assessment of Quality of Life in elderly people in Chile.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Chile , Cultural Characteristics , Language , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Translations
16.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 23(2): 136-142, Sept. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949651

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe the main clinical characteristics and the relative frequency of each type of oral malignancies received at the Oral Pathology Reference Institute (IREPO) of the Faculty of Odontology; University of Chile, since 1975 to 2006. Studies were performed of 728 cases of biopsies recorded in the IREPO data base with a diagnosis corresponding to some type of Oral Malignant Tumour (OMT) and which counted with all required clinical and demographic data. Histological sections were observed by two oral pathologists with the purpose of confirming the original diagnosis. 61.6% of OMTs were observed in males and 38.4% in females. Patients average age was 65.3 years, and the most frequent localization was the alveolar/gums ridge (20% of the cases) being the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) the most frequent pathology (58.4%) These results are similar to the frequencies of oral malignancies reported for other countries as to distribution per gender, age, histological diagnosis. Nevertheless, frequency distribution of each of the OMTs is different to that indicated in most publications.


El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las principales caracteristicas clinicas y la frecuencia relativa de cada tipo de neoplasia maligna bucal recibidas en el Instituto de Referencia en Patologia Oral (IREPO) de la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad de Chile, entre los anos 1975 y 2006. Se seleccionaron todos los casos registrados en la base de datos del IREPO entre los anos 1975-2006 y que correspon - dieran a algun tipo de Tumor Maligno Oral (TMO) y de los que se contara con todos los datos clinicos y demograficos requeridos. Con el proposito de confirmar el diagnostico ori - gi nal, los cortes histologicos fueron observados por dos pato logos orales. El 61,6% de los TMO se presentaron en hombres y el 38,4% en mujeres. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 65,3 anos y la localizacion mas frecuente fue en las encias/reborde alveolar (20% de los casos), siendo el carcinoma de celulas escamosas (CCE) el tipo mas frecuente de TMO con un 58,4% de los casos. Estos resultados son similares a las frecuencias de tumores malignos orales reportadas en otros paises como tambien su distribucion por genero, edad y tipo histologico. Sin embargo, la distribucion de frecuencias de los diferentes TMO es distinta a la reportada en la mayoria de las publicaciones.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mouth Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
17.
Mag. int. coll. dent ; 10(1): 94-107, 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-351875

ABSTRACT

El enfoque tradicional de atención de salud se focaliza en reparar lesiones y aliviar o eliminar enfermedades, un nuevo enfoque que considera la multidimensionalidad de la salud e incluye entre sus metas el apropiado funcionamiento y bienestar de los pacientes, está siendo ampliamente estudiado. Este enfoque diferente, muestra la necesidad de que los profesionales de la salud menejen los conceptos de calidad de vida así como también calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, además de los instrumentos psicométricos existentes para realizar las mediciones. Para cualquier estudio se debe aplicar un mínimo de 4 instrumentos para medir: 1) salud general, 2) salud mental, 3) capacidades cognitivas, y 4) específico para cada enfermedad en particular. Los datos obtenidos de las mediciones son de gran utilidad en clínica para prevención, diagnóstico, monitoreo del progreso del tratamiento y de la rehabilitación. El hecho de mayor importancia es que los datos sobre la calidad de vida humanizan la atención de salud al considerar las percepciones de los pacientes sobre la misma


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Child , Health Status Indicators , Indicators of Quality of Life , Oral Health , Chile , Cognition Disorders , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Epidemiologic Measurements , Health Status , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Mental Health , Mouth Diseases , Quality of Health Care , Social Welfare , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States
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